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Group Fortification Marne
The ', renamed ' in 1911 and then The Group Fortification Marne in 1919, is a military installation near Metz, in the woods between Jury, Mercy and Ars-Laquenexy. It is part of the second fortified belt of forts of Metz and had its baptism of fire in late 1944, when the Battle of Metz occurred.
== Historical context ==
During The Annexation, Metz, will oscillate between a German garrison of 15,000 and 20,000 men at the beginning of the period〔René Bour, ''Histoire de Metz'', 1950, p. 227.〕 and will exceed 25,000 men just before the First World War,〔''L’Express'', no 2937, du 18 au 24 octobre 2007, dossier « Metz en 1900 », Philippe Martin.〕 gradually becoming the first stronghold of German Reich.〔François Roth : ''Metz annexée à l’Empire allemand'', in François-Yves Le Moigne, ''Histoire de Metz'', Privat, Toulouse, 1986, (p.350).〕 The ' completes the Second fortified belt of Metz composed of Festen Wagner (1904–1912), Crown Prince (1899–1905), Leipzig (1907–1912), empress (1899–1905), Lorraine (1899–1905), Baron von der Goltz (1907–1916), Haeseler (1899–1905), Prince Regent Luitpold (1907–1914) and Infantry-Werk Belle-Croix (1908–1914).
The Group Fortification, built in the early XXth century, was part of a wider program of fortifications called "Moselstellung", encompassing fortresses scattered between Thionville and Metz in the valley Moselle. The aim of Germany was to protect against a French attack to take back Alsace-Lorraine from the German Empire. The fortification system was designed to accommodate the growing advances in artillery since the end of XIXth century. Based on new defensive concepts, such as dispersal and concealment, the Group Fortification was to be, in case of attack, an impassable barrier for French forces.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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